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主從服務(wù)器的時(shí)間要同步,數據庫版本最好是一致的,以免造成函數處理、日志讀取、日志解析等發(fā)生異常。
以下三個(gè)主從復制的設置是獨立的。
注意防火墻和selinux的影響。
1、簡(jiǎn)單主從復制的實(shí)現
(1)主服務(wù)器的配置
1)安裝mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
2)編輯/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下內容
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 1 (id號不能跟從服務(wù)器相同)
log-bin = master-log (自定義二進(jìn)制日志文件名)
3)授權可以復制本地數據庫信息的主機
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service (啟動(dòng)mariadb server) [root@localhost ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.1.51.%' identified by 'replpasswd'; MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G (查看主服務(wù)器的狀態(tài)信息,在從服務(wù)器中要用到) *************************** 1. row *************************** File: master-log.000003 (正在使用的二進(jìn)制日志文件) Position: 497 (所處的位置) Binlog_Do_DB: Binlog_Ignore_DB:
(2)從服務(wù)器的配置
1)安裝mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
2)編輯/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下內容
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 2 (id號不能跟主服務(wù)器相同)
relay-log = slave-log (自定義二進(jìn)制日志文件名)
3)設置要從哪個(gè)主服務(wù)器的那個(gè)位置開(kāi)始同步
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service [root@localhost ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.60',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=497; MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; (啟動(dòng)復制功能) MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G (查看從服務(wù)器的狀態(tài),下面顯示的是部分內容) Master_Host: 10.1.51.60 Master_User: repluser Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: master-log.000003 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 497 Relay_Log_File: slave-log.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 530 Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000003 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Master_Server_Id: 1
(3)測試
1)在主服務(wù)器導入事先準備好的數據庫
[root@localhost ~]# mysql < hellodb.sql
2)在從服務(wù)器查看是否同步
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | hellodb |(數據庫已經(jīng)同步) | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb; MariaDB [hellodb]> show tables; (hellodb數據庫的表也是同步的) +-------------------+ | Tables_in_hellodb | +-------------------+ | classes | | coc | | courses | | scores | | students | | teachers | | toc | +-------------------+
2、雙主復制的實(shí)現
(1)服務(wù)器1的配置
1)安裝mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
2)編輯/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下內容
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 1 (id號不能跟從服務(wù)器相同)
log-bin = master-log (自定義主服務(wù)器的二進(jìn)制日志文件名)
relay-log = slave-log (自定義從服務(wù)器的二進(jìn)制日志文件名)
auto_increment_offset = 1
auto_increment_increment = 2
3)在服務(wù)器2上查看的master狀態(tài)
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** File: master-log.000003 Position: 422 Binlog_Do_DB: Binlog_Ignore_DB:
4)啟動(dòng)mariadb server并進(jìn)行如下配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service [root@localhost ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.1.51.%' identified by 'replpasswd'; MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.50',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=422; MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G (僅是部分內容) Master_Host: 10.1.51.50 Master_User: repluser Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: master-log.000003 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 422 Relay_Log_File: slave-log.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 530 Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000003 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Master_Server_Id: 2
(2)服務(wù)器2的配置
1)安裝mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
2)編輯/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 2
relay-log = slave-log
lob-bin = master-log
auto_increment_offset = 2
auto_increment_increment = 2
3)在服務(wù)器1查看master狀態(tài)
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: master-log.000003
Position: 245
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
4)啟動(dòng)mariadb server并配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service [root@localhost ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.1.51.%' identified by 'replpasswd'; MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.60',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=245; MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G (僅是部分內容) Master_Host: 10.1.51.60 Master_User: repluser Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: master-log.000003 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 422 Relay_Log_File: slave-log.000003 Relay_Log_Pos: 530 Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000003 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Master_Server_Id: 1
(3)測試
1)在任意一臺服務(wù)器上創(chuàng )建mydb數據庫
MariaDB [(none)]> create database mydb;
2)在另一臺服務(wù)器上查看
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mydb | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+
3、半同步復制的實(shí)現
(1)在主服務(wù)器上的配置
1)安裝mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
2)編輯/etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 1
log-bin = master-log
3)授權可以復制本地數據庫信息的主機
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service (啟動(dòng)mariadb server) [root@localhost ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.1.51.%' identified by 'replpasswd'; MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G (查看主服務(wù)器的狀態(tài)信息,在從服務(wù)器中要用到) *************************** 1. row *************************** File: master-log.000003 (正在使用的二進(jìn)制日志文件) Position: 245 (所處的位置) Binlog_Do_DB: Binlog_Ignore_DB:
4)安裝rpl semi sync_master插件,并啟用
[root@localhost ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_master soname 'semisync_master.so'; MariaDB [(none)]> set global rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = ON;
補充:
MariaDB [(none)]> show plugins;(可查看插件是否激活)
MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like 'rpl_semi%';(可查看安裝的插件是否啟用)
MariaDB [(none)]> show global status like '%semi%';(可查看從服務(wù)器的個(gè)數,此時(shí)是0個(gè))
(2)從服務(wù)器的配置
1)安裝mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
2)編輯/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下內容
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 2 (id號不能跟主服務(wù)器相同)
relay-log = slave-log (自定義二進(jìn)制日志文件名)
3)設置要從哪個(gè)主服務(wù)器的那個(gè)位置開(kāi)始同步
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service [root@localhost ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.60',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=245;
4)安裝rpl semi sync_slave插件并啟用
[root@localhost ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_slave soname 'semisync_slave.so'; MariaDB [(none)]> set global rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = ON; MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
完成上面配置后,可以在主服務(wù)器上查看半同步復制的相關(guān)信息,命令如下:
MariaDB [(none)]> show global status like '%semi%'; Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients 1 (從服務(wù)器有一臺)
(3)測試
測試以個(gè)人實(shí)際情況而定
1)在主服務(wù)器上導入事先準備好的數據庫hellodb.sql
MariaDB [hellodb]> source /root/hellodb.sql;
2)在主服務(wù)器上查看半同步復制的狀態(tài)
MariaDB [hellodb]> show master status; +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | master-log.000003 | 8102 | | | +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ MariaDB [hellodb]> show global status like '%semi%'; +--------------------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------------------------+-------+ | Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients | 1 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time | 1684 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time | 60630 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits | 36 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times | 1 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx | 1 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_status | ON | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time | 1884 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time | 65965 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits | 35 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx | 35 | +--------------------------------------------+-------+
3)在從服務(wù)器上查看是否同步
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb; MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from students;
補充:基于上面的半同步復制配置復制的過(guò)濾器,復制過(guò)濾最好在從服務(wù)器上設置,步驟如下
(1)從服務(wù)器的配置
1)關(guān)閉mariadb server
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop mariadb.service
2)編輯/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf skip_name_resolve = ON innodb_file_per_table = ON server-id = 2 relay-log = slave-log replicate-do-db = mydb (只復制mydb數據庫的內容)
補充:常用的過(guò)濾選項如下
Replicate_Do_DB=
Replicate_Ignore_DB=
Replicate_Do_Table=
Replicate_Ignore_Table=
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table=
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table=
3)重啟mariadb server
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
4)重啟mariadb server后,半同步復制功能將被關(guān)閉,因此要重新啟動(dòng)
MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like '%semi%'; +---------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------+-------+ | rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled | OFF | | rpl_semi_sync_slave_trace_level | 32 | +---------------------------------+-------+ MariaDB [(none)]> set global rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = ON; MariaDB [(none)]> stop slave;(需先關(guān)閉從服務(wù)器復制功能再重啟) MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
(2)測試
1)主服務(wù)器上的hellodb數據庫創(chuàng )建一個(gè)新表semitable
MariaDB [hellodb]> create table semitable (id int);
2)在從服務(wù)器上查看hellodb數據庫是否有semitable
MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb MariaDB [hellodb]> show tables;(并沒(méi)有) +-------------------+ | Tables_in_hellodb | +-------------------+ | classes | | coc | | courses | | scores | | students | | teachers | | toc | +-------------------+
3)在主服務(wù)器上創(chuàng )建mydb數據庫,并為其創(chuàng )建一個(gè)tbl1表
MariaDB [hellodb]> create database mydb;
4)在從服務(wù)器上查看mydb數據庫的是否有tbl1表
MariaDB [hellodb]> use mydb; MariaDB [mydb]> show tables; (可以查看到) +----------------+ | Tables_in_mydb | +----------------+ | tbl1 | +----------------+
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